Sabarimala reference hearing: Live updates from Supreme Court - Day 11

A nine-judge Bench is hearing the matter.
Sabarimala
Sabarimala

Adv: If tomorrow I build a temple like the Khajuraho temple at my place, then others will object...

CJI: if you don't know anything about a temple.. please do not refer to all of them. Please don't waste our time. Just proceed and finish.

Adv: Justice Gajendragadkar had stated that since religion was age-old and if a belief is an age-old belief and then turns into dogma...these turn into superstitions due to the passage of time.

Adv: What are the essential characteristics of a religious denomination? Sabarimala is not to be raised here. Still it has been done.

This reference order has not been registered as a reference case as per Supreme Court rules: Adv

Justice Bagchi: if you go through the SC order..the power of CJI to make a reference was traced to Article 32 as per a Supreme Court decision since such a power is not subject to Supreme Court Rules.

Adv for India Young Lawyers Association: This particular reference was not maintainable. But there are other cases I would like to highlight.

CJI: You can come to page 33.

Adv: We have to bring to Your Lordships’ notice what judgments have already been passed, whether for review or not, so that the reference is not maintainable. Three judges are referring the matter. The speaking order does not refer this matter to a nine-judge bench. The speaking order says that the matter is referred to a seven-judge bench. That was the understanding given to our Honourable Bench as well.

In this context, the decision of the seven-judge bench of this Court in Commissioner, Hindu Religious Endowments, Madras versus Shirur Mutt, holding that what are essential religious practices of a particular religious denomination should be left to be determined by the denomination itself, and the subsequent view of the five-judge bench in Durgah Committee versus Syed Hussain Ali, carving out a role for the Court in this regard to exclude what the Court determines to be secular practices or superstitious beliefs, seemed to be in apparent conflict requiring consideration by a larger bench.

What did you file the PIL? What good has come out of it? Justice Nagarathna

Adv: I will address all of it.

Justice Kumar: Has your organisation passed a resolution to file a PIL? Has your president signed it?

Adv: there was a threat to the petitioner and police protection was given.

Justice Kumar: come to the point.

Adv: Justice Dipak Misra has not allowed it at all...there were objections..

CJI Kant: Please don't take judges names like this. He was a CJI. You can say the Supreme Court said this... And answer the simple question.

Adv: no there was no resolution

Justice Sundresh: This is nothing but an abuse of the process of law, that too before a nine-judge constitution bench. Go through the issues and finish. We don't want to embarrass you further.

Adv for Young Lawyers Association: There were four articles in the newspaper in the month of June 2006. Kindly see.

One was by Barkha Dutt. Then there was “Touching Feet and Attracting Touches a Deity and Causing an Uproar” by Sherwani Pandit. Then the third one was “Keeping the Same Losing Our Religion.” This was the third by Veer Saraswati. And the fourth one is very important, “The Sex Slump Felt Sabarimala.”

CJI: okay so it was based on press reports

Justice Nagarathna: How does a juristic body like yours have a belief? This is for an individual. You don't have a conscience

Justice Aravind Kumar: who is your president ?

Adv: Naushad Ali

Justice Nagarathna: How is he a believer? Justify how you clarify juristic point.

A nine-judge Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court is examining seven important legal questions concerning religious rights and freedoms in India. The top court began hearing the reference arising out of the Sabarimala review case on April 7.

The Court's verdict will have a major impact on various cases, including the case concerning whether women of menstruating ages can be allowed to enter the Sabarimala temple in Kerala.

The reference is connected to the top court's September 2018 verdict in which a 5-judge Constitution Bench, by a majority of 4:1, allowed women of all ages to enter the hilltop shrine in Kerala. That decision overturned the tradition that restricted the entry of women of menstruating age.

Dozens of review petitions were filed questioning the correctness of this ruling. In November 2019, the Supreme Court pronounced its judgment on the review petitions challenging the 2018 verdict. It held that larger issues pertaining to the Essential Religious Practices Test, interplay between Articles 25 and 26 on one hand and Article 14 on the other and the conflict between the judgments in the Shirur Mutt case and Durgah Committee case will have to be decided by a larger Bench. The nine-judge Bench is now considering the same.

The reference verdict may also have an impact on pending cases regarding the entry of Muslim Women in Dargahs /Mosques, excommunication of Parsi Women married to non-Parsis, the practice of female genital mutilation and excommunication practices in the Dawoodi Bohra community.

A Bench of Chief Justice of India (CJI) Surya Kant along with Justice BV Nagarathna, Justice MM Sundresh, Justice Ahsanuddin Amanullah, Justice Aravind Kumar, Justice Augustine George Masih, Justice Prasanna B Varale, Justice R Mahadevan and Justice Joymalya Bagchi is hearing the matter.

During the hearing on April 7, the Central government advocated for greater freedom in religious practices and asked whether courts are the appropriate forum to determine what constitutes an essential religious practice. 

On April 8, the government argued that that the restriction at the Sabarimala temple was not based solely on gender.

On April 15, the Court observed that one of the most difficult tasks for a court is to declare the beliefs of millions of people as wrong or erroneous, and that a religion cannot be stripped of its essential practices in the name of social reform.

On April 17, the Court observed that while adjudicating matters of faith, a constitutional authority must rise above personal religious beliefs and be guided by freedom of conscience and the broader constitutional framework.

On April 21, the Court remarked that it is aware of the limits of judicial review in religious matters and that there was no need for extensive arguments against it.

On April 22, the Court asked whether the State can invoke the principle of constitutional morality and Directive Principles of State Policy to justify social reform laws on religious matters.

On April 23, the Bench briefly debated on whether pre-constitutional religious customs could be protected by Article 25(2) of the Constitution of India. 

On April 28, the Court warned against making arguments that could project any one religion or Indian language as superior to others. 

In the last hearing of the matter, the Court observed that genuine women devotees of Lord Ayyappa may wait till they cross the age of 50 years to visit the Sabarimala temple. The Court also said that it does not want to play any part in the annihilation of a religion while interpreting the scope of religious freedoms on India.

Track this page for live updates from the hearing today.

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